5/17/2013

Chizuko Ueno "Forty Years of Japanese Feminism"


Chizuko Ueno, "Forty Years of Japanese Feminism: What it has achieved...and what it has not"
April 22, 2013, 5:00pm
International House 1414 E. 59th St. Chicago IL. 60637
The University of Chicago Committee on Japanese Studies is pleased to welcome Chizuko Ueno, Professor Emeritus of Tokyo University, for the 2013 Najita Distinguished Lecture in Japanese Studies. A sociologist by training, Professor Ueno is one of the leading feminist critics and public intellectuals in Japan. She is the author and co-author of more than fifty books that address issues of the family, patriarchy, gender, capitalism, and nationalism.
from the website of the Center for East Asian Studies

Posted by Atsuko Ishikawa

5/11/2013

Book Review: A Diary of the Normalization of Sino-Japanese Relations: 1970s Japan from a perspective of a Chinese Diplomat and Correspondent


Book Review:
A Diary of the Normalization of Sino-Japanese Relations: 1970s Japan from a perspective of a Chinese Diplomat and Correspondent
by Tai-ping Wang
                                    
This paper is a brief synopsis of Tai-ping Wang's diary. Tai-ping Wang was sent to Tokyo by China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In Tokyo, he was a correspondent of the Beijing Daily.

The diary is a primary source of the history of the normalization of diplomatic relations between Japan and China. In Japan he hosted Japanese mass media personnel as well as had LDP members and business leaders visit him as informants. The diary also included his interviews with new-leftist students, workers, and farmers.

The diary documents observations of economically growing Japan. It also shows Chinese government view of Japanese minorities and Wang's curiosity about Japanese women gaining power in society.

On October 21st 1970, International Anti-War Day, Japanese women wearing helmets demonstrated with posters stating: "The State's Treasury should pay the cost of artificial miscarriage," and "Mom, is there really a happy marriage?" The journal states that on the 20th anniversary of the foundation of the Self-Defense Army in November 1970, women in the Japanese Self-Defense Army crew wore mini-skirts and marched along Ginza Street.

The journal warns Japan's tendency toward hegemony and militarism at that time. It addresses Japanese problems: pollution, transportation, migrant workers, harsh entrance examination competition, and monetarism. Current relations between Japan and China seem to be reverse. Things have changed in the 40 years since Mr. Tai-ping’s diary.

As Mr. Tai-ping’s diary notes, the sculpture commemorating a former chair of the socialist party who was killed when giving a speech by a rightist in Tokyo Metropolitan Hibiya Public Hall has been hidden for many years. While supervising the translation of the journal, I visited Hibiya Public Hall and asked about the sculpture’s present location. They reluctantly unlocked the billboard of a wall in the hall, which housed the sculpture and an epitaph.

For those who lived and were aware during the early Seventies, Mr. Tai-ping’s book may offer new insights. They will likely remember events that were not included in Mr. Tai-ping’s book.

Reviewed by Aiko Fukuoka, chief translator


Translated by Atsuko Ishikawa

5/01/2013


To Grow With The Child Who May Have Developmental Disabilities  #2

By Akizuki Nanami

Thursday, October 4, 2012

 

We sometimes hear that “disability is a personality. It sounds good in words, but when I hear people who have no first-hand experience ever in this matter say this, I want to tell them, “It’s not so simple.” The bottom line is that the word, “disability,” insinuate some kind of handicap although we know it’s not referring to the “human being” itself, but rather to the situation. If there’s no such thing as sight correction lenses, the nearsighted people will have difficulties in daily life (I will, at least). With the use of eye-glasses and contact lenses, I can lead a “normal” life. Without them, it will be a “disability.” My face wearing glasses is a “characteristic of how I look,” but if someone says, “having bad eye-sight is your characteristic,” I would want something done about that. The important thing is, it is up to the society to turn disability into a personal trait.


Putting this aside for now, let me raise a question of “when” the parents doubt about their child having a developmental disorder. In my case, it was immediately after birth. I thought this child is “somewhat different from other children.” I didn’t have any previous parenting experience, but the intuition that something is strange could not be suppressed. The newborn baby slept well and peacefully, and aside from having its diapers changed and breastfed, the baby didn’t require any other attention.


“There’s something different about my child. He’s not fussy and I feel there’s no eye contact,” I consulted with the people around me, but my mother-in-law simply told me, “You should be thankful that your baby doesn’t require so much attention.” On the other hand, my own mother said, “You are making a big deal because you get too much information from the Internet.” Actually, she was right because the Internet didnt really help me much. When I searched for the words, developmental disorder” or autism”, I hit some consultation websites to send in questions to find out whether your child has autism or not. And in most cases, the responses were, “There is no problem.” “You worry too much.” “There were kids in the neighborhood with similar characteristics.” “Our baby was also the same, but he turned out to be a normal child.” These replies that showed very little empathy gave me a sense of discomfort more than reassurance.

If it was me, I can never tell someone that the child is “all right” without actually seeing the child. I wonder what kind of mentality these people had to say such irresponsible things like, “you worry too muchand “you need to reassure them.” Wouldn’t you tell a friend, who is worried about the possibility of having a cancer because they have certain symptom, to go to the hospital and get a check-up? What if you said, “Don’t worry. I know of someone who had the same symptom and it wasn’t cancer.” and then to find out later it was actually a cancer? Can you take the responsibility for your words? In my opinion, the right words for you to say are, If you're worried, then go to the health center or the medical institution and get a professional consultation. No one wants to play the role of telling the truth that will shock a friend, but I believe the true kindness is to help a friend face the truth gently in one way or another.

A person at the developmental disabilities support center said, “Your child is still very young and I’m not a doctor and I cannot say anything definite, but from what I can see, he seems to be all right.” These were just words of comfort, but to hear such comforting words can be a consolation at the time of devastation. It certainly is different from saying comforting words to evade facing the truth. I think the latter case will only produce unfavorable results and irresponsible self-satisfaction on the part of the consultant. Don't get me wrong because I do understand that it comes from good intentions, of course, but….

Eventually my child and I were able to have eye contacts, and even when he began to point at things much later than other children of same age, the concern of developmental disabilities had always been there in my thoughts. In autism, there is a type that is referred to as Regressive Autism or Late Onset Autism which the child’s development suddenly “regresses.” To be honest, while raising my son since he was a tiny little thing, I never thought of him really cute from the bottom of my heart until recently. The worries of “what will happen to him?” always remained tucked in the corner of my mind. When I think back now, I feel quite disappointed that I wasnt able to enjoy parenting more at that time.

My mother who saw me hesitating to move forward told me, “You have to raise your child no matter what!” It astounded me because it wasn’t that I didn’t want to raise a child with disabilities. I was merely concerned about my child’s future. What if he is unable to discover the wonderful world of books because of the disability to read due to LD? I was just thinking of all the hardships my child will encounter in the future. I cannot say that he will be miserable because of his disabilities, but if at all possible, I don’t want him to experience hardship and I want to help him heighten his potential. Isn't that what parental love is all about?
 

Adapted by M. Doioka

 

4/30/2013

Princess of Cancer: Memoir of a Feminist Fighting against Cancer


By Akiko Ebihara

Every year, there are posters advertising for “Princess Experience” event held at Keio Plaza Hotel in Keio Line. It always made me feel bad, but I recently came to think about this in a little different light. I began to think that the widely accepted conception of the princess might be misleading.

Girls think it would be great to be a princess because they believe it is such a tremendously lucky position to be in. They might think they get to eat delicious meals and wear beautiful dresses for free, be loved by sweet and handsome prince, and people lavish attention on her and respect her. But once we think of the real princess of this country, the hardship she has been facing is apparent. There is not even guarantee that the prince is handsome! The New York Times reported the marriage of Masako and Crown Prince Naruhito with the headline of “A Reluctant Princess.” It is true for princesses elsewhere. The tragedy of Princess Diana is still fresh in our minds, and there was a case of suicide in the process of reporting Princess Catherine’s pregnancy.

The business of being a princess is no super-celeb full time housewife. Princesses must be experiencing one difficulty after another. It must require a number of skills and strengths, including a strong will, generosity, altruism, and the ability of giving up on things in order to successfully meet her role. 

A long time ago, I taught English as a part-time lecturer in a university in Saitama. I assigned a short story called The Princess Who Stood on Her Own Two Feet, written by an American feminist writer, Jeanne Desy, to incoming students. The princess in a kingdom near the ocean was tall, bright, and cheerful as a sunflower, and very skilled with horse-back riding, but she had a hard time meeting an appropriate partner. She decided to marry a Prince based on political strategy.

The prince was handsome, but into cutesy girls. When the Princess was riding on a horse, he would ask if no one has taught that ladies should ride side-saddle. The Princess thought it was nonsense, but would not say it out loud. When she offered an insightful remark on history and politics, the Prince became upset and told her that women should make just a small comment only when they are asked, because women should be seen and not heard. But the Princess wanted to marry. So she gave up the horse-back riding she loved, stopped talking, and spent much time laying down for the Prince who did not like the fact she was taller than him. 

When she was about to be forced to give up her beloved dog because of the Prince, however, she made up her mind to break the engagement and walk away from him. Her parents were concerned with the relationship between the two kingdoms. The Princess told them that it was not her duty to sacrifice all she had, and her duties were to stands tall with her own two feet, and not to betray those who love and trust her.

We could say this is just another feminist fairy tale, but to me, the line, “A princess stands tall” left a strong impression. I was tall since I was young, and my grandmother used to say to me, “You are so tall. It really is a shame that you cannot even fit in half a tatami-mat.” Feminists have insightfully pointed out that men tended to occupy physical space as much they could, while women are expected to occupy a minimum amount of space.

I decided to think of myself a “Princess of Cancer.” A princess stands tall and bravely faces hardship. She and those who are suffering from the same disease support each other, work on campaigns so that younger ones would not have to suffer from the same disease. She would love herself, try not to be a burden of people who believe in her, yet at the same time respond to their love, relying on them at times. She would think what she could do for them, and value the inter-connectedness of people. She would think of those who are troubled and suffering. She would stand firm in being always with the weak. She would fight against the evil and injustice.

*****

In March 2012, after my retirement, my body could not handle even half of the anti-cancer drug I was supposed to take. As always, my bone marrow could not take it and my body didn’t have enough white blood cells. My doctor lowered the dose by two levels, and said that there was no point in continuing the chemo therapy if the dose were lower than that.  

There were two times in which I accepted the fact that the death was nearing. This was the second time. The first time was two summers ago, when I was told that I might not be able to receive radical treatment. On that day, I wandered around the underground mall in Shimbashi (mid-Tokyo). It’s been two years. I did live very well, didn’t I?

I started reading books again in search of alternative treatment. I ordered Hasumi Vaccine, which my friend recommended. I also realized the difficulty of reducing stress, eating well, and exercising moderately. It’s easier said than done. I also learned that while there are some cases of miraculous recoveries from cancer with alternative medicine, most of those who used alternative medicine still died. Even among those who I met after I learned that I had a cancer, there are people who chose not to receive anti-cancer treatments or people who decided not to continue the treatments in the early stages. They all have passed away in about half year.

There are doctors who would say, “Don’t fight against cancer.” But it is not easy. It doesn’t really help. The weight of critical decisions I have to make can be so heavy and overwhelming. I decided that the use of anti-cancer drugs was the most rational way to treat my cancer, but at the mid-point of my treatment in early June, my body could not handle the treatment and my doctor and I decided to discontinue the treatment. The tumor marker was fine. I was in high spirits. I am a strong princess. I will live and I will stay positive.

It has been nine months since then. I have experienced multiple re-emergences of cancer, but I have been staying calm so far. I don’t know how long I will be able to live, but I am thankful that I was given the time in which I could reflect on my life. I struggled with balancing work and family life. I have argued with my husband because of this, but now I think of it as something that might have been even beneficial for my children. Now I am grateful for my husband. It is something wonderful about life that I have someone to argue with. I was lucky to have a husband who is supportive, and who has never lamented his bad luck of having a wife with cancer.


*****

In the winter of 2012, I was given an opportunity to give a talk on how I became a feminist at the Shibuya Women’s Center. I thought about feminism while making powerpoint slides. That was when I started to think that maybe I should say something I could not say, something that I can now say. It is something I have been hesitant to talk about, as soon as I think of myself as a feminist. It is my deep emotional feeling towards my children.

A little over ten years ago, I was chatting with a fellow instructor in a instructors’ room in a college in Tokyo. I have two daughters and one son, and she, an American woman, has two daughters. In the middle of the endless conversation about children’s school, the challenges of raising teenagers, etc., she said, “Kids are so cute, you know. The lives of my children are even more important than my own life. But as a feminist, I can’t really say that out loud; I can’t help but to feel how much I love them.”

I strongly agreed with what she said. It really is true. But why? Is it because a prominent feminist scholar, Ogura Chikako, once famously said “married feminists are what I don’t like”? I have respect toward her for saying what most people can’t say. But it also revealed that marriage and children were an Achilles’ heel for many feminists.

People have different experiences. Some are married and some are not. Some have study abroad experiences and some don't. Those are just differences. But women don’t like to hear other women bragging about their experience of mothering as something so wonderful. Much more so than how some people think of showing off of study abroad experiences as tasteless. I personally am not fond of women who do that either, especially full-time housewives. I also hate the cliche, “adults become grown-ups through parenting.” But wouldn’t this kind of attitude be considered intolerant to people of the same gender who have no other choice but to deal with their anxiety about identity through their everyday work of childcare. It is also problematic that married feminists, including myself, try to maintain the alliance with single feminists by emphasizing the challenging aspects of childrearing, while feeling that the joys involved in parenting are greater than the difficulty and hardship associated with it.

As someone who has accepted that her life would soon end, what I can say is that raising my children was what I consider as the most important job I accomplished, reflecting on fifty-some years of my life. I admit that I am not a special person, but it was through the existence of my children that I felt that I experienced the transcendence from my non-special being. It might provoke the disapproval of my friends and colleagues, but with no sense of hyperbole, this is my honest feeling.

A quarter century ago, I had a conversation with a professor of history, Masatoshi Tanaka, who was working as a part-time lecturer in the college I worked for, after retiring from University of Tokyo. 
He expected much from me and took me under his wing. When I said to him “I can’t write articles because I am so busy taking care of kids. I can’t relax because I’m always worrying about kids. It is a disadvantage to be a woman.” He said, “Kuwahara Takeo wrote in his CV that there was no academic productivity in so and so year, because his first son was born. There is no more important job than raising children. This is same for men, too.”

Professor Tanaka was always carrying the pictures of his children and grandchildren. When I sent a new year’s card with my son’s picture in it, he sent me a very nice letter, which addressed not only to myself but also to my son’s name with an honorific, something unusual for small children. In his letter, he wrote, “There is no better expression of peace than your son’s smile.” He was an advocate for equality, being sensitive to gender, and also an opponent of war. He was someone had the experience of being drafted as a student while enrolled in University of Tokyo and losing all of his classmates with whom he had shared dreams for the future. I respected him so much, and I was touched when he said to me, “Nothing good would come out when you prioritize career over children.”

I don’t know what it’s like not to have children. There must be a sense of fulfillment, and difficulty at times for them, but I just can’t even imagine what that is like. The same must be true that only those who with children understand the ups and downs, happiness and misery of having children. I also think, for most ordinary people, the way they love other people's children is an extension of the love they have toward their own children. But feminism should be something that respects all things that include such a thing. Given that having a career is an essential for one’s financial independence and self-esteem and respect, I want to tell younger feminists that it is important to contribute to issues surrounding parenthood as well. That’s how a healthy society should be. And it is also true for singles, couples without children, and all men.


Original article in WAN website can be found here.

Translated and adapted by Eiko Saeki